unction of Large Biological Molecules 82 Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell 110 Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function 129 Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism 150 Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy 172 Chapter 10 Photosynthesis 200 Chapter 11 Cell Communication 220 Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle 236 Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 257 Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea 277 Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 301 Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 321 Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein 340 Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 364 Chapter 19 Viruses 389 Chapter 20 Biotechnology 400 Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution 420 Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 430 Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations 447 Chapter 24 The Origin of Species 472 Chapter 25 The History of Life on Earth 491 Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life 519 Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea 546 Chapter 28 Protists 571 Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land 595 Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants 615 Chapter 31 Fungi 642 Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity 665 Chapter 33 Invertebrates 689 Chapter 34 Vertebrates 717 Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development 744 Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants 764 Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition 784 Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology 805 Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 825 Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function 851 Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition 869 Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange 886 Chapter 43 The Immune System 905 Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion 927 Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System 939 Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction 956 Chapter 47 Animal Development 976 Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 993 Chapter 49 Nervous Systems 1007 Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms 1019 Chapter 51 Animal Behavior 1035 Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere 1054 Chapter 53 Population Ecology 1074 Chapter 54 Community Ecology 1102 Chapter 55 Ecosystems 1121 Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology 1144 Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life The introduction to the study of biology in Chapter 1 highlights seven book -wide themes, with special emphasis on the core theme of evolution. How scientists use inductive reasoning to draw general conclusions and deductive reasoning to test hypotheses is emphasized. Questions in this chapter are designed to help assess a student’s understanding of the content of Chapter 1 based on the three key concepts. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? A) evolutionary adaptations B) energy processing C) responding to the environment D) growth and reproduction E) all of the above Answer: E Topic: Overview Skill: Knowledge/Application 2) Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology? A) interaction with the environment B) emergent properties C) evolution D) reductionism E) structure and function Answer: D Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 3) Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle C) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ D) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system E) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 4) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a A) biosystem. B) community. C) population. D) ecosystem. E) family. Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 1 2 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters 5) Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA? A) Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of genes. B) Every cell is enclosed by a membrane. C) Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information. D) All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus. E) DNA is the unit of inheritance that is transmitted from parent to offspring. Answer: D Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 6) In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the level of organization, whereas a human is at the level of organization. A) single-celled organism; multicellular organism B) single organelle; organism C) organelle; organ system D) single tissue; multicellular organism E) tissue; organism Answer: A Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 7) Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from least to most complex? A) organelle of a stomach cell, digestive system, large intestine, small intestine, intestinal tissue, organism B) organelle of an intestinal cell, digestive system, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, organism C) molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism D) molecule, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism E) molecule, digestive system, digestive cell organelle, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal cell, organism Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 8) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into A) the energy of motion. B) carbon dioxide and water. C) the potential energy of chemical bonds. D) oxygen. E) kinetic energy. Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 3 9) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is A) light energy. B) kinetic energy. C) thermal energy. D) chemical energy. E) ATP. Answer: A Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 10) The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes: A) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers B) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers C) the recycling of chemical nutrients D) the flow of energy to producers and the recycling of nutrients E) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients. Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 11) For most ecosystems is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leaves the ecosystem in the form of . A) sunlight; heat B) heat; light C) plants; animals D) plants; heat E) producers; consumers Answer: A Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 4 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters 12) The illustration above represents A) a computer simulation of the structure of a eukaryotic cell. B) a map of a network of protein interactions within a eukaryotic cell. C) an inventory of all the genes in a fruit fly. D) an X-ray diffraction image of the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. E) a computer generated map of the interaction of genes and cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell. Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 13) The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the A) organelle–for example, a chloroplast. B) cell–for example, a skin cell. C) tissue–for example, nervous tissue. D) organ system–for example, the reproductive system. E) organism–for example, an amoeba, dog, human, or maple tree. Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 5 14) Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)? A) Each deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is composed of two long chains of nucleotides arranged in a double helix. B) Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid. C) DNA is composed of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. D) DNA is a code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein. E) DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein. Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 15) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi E) protists Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 16) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not correct? A) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. B) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles. C) Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. D) DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. E) DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 17) Which of the following is reflective of the phrase ʺthe whole is greater than the sum of its partsʺ? A) high-throughput technology B) emergent properties C) natural selection D) reductionism E) feedback regulations Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 6 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters 18) In order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, one must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of to the study of biology. A) evolution B) emergent properties C) reductionism D) the cell theory E) feedback regulation Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 19) A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts called A) feedback activators. B) feedback inhibitors. C) enzymes. D) metabolites. E) nutrients. Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 20) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of A) a bioinformatic system. B) positive feedback. C) negative feedback. D) feedback inhibition. E) enzymatic catalysis. Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 21) When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result blood glucose level declines. When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a result blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result of A) catalytic feedback. B) positive feedback. C) negative feedback. D) bioinformatic regulation. E) protein-protein interactions. Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Application/Analysis Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 7 22) Life is diverse. How many species are estimated to be presently on the earth? A) 1,800 B) 180,000 C) 1,800,000 D) 18,000,000 E) 180,000,000 Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 23) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? A) informatics B) schematic biology C) taxonomy D) genomics E) evolution Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 24) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? A) a membrane-bounded nucleus B) a cell wall made of cellulose C) ribosomes D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 25) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Monera C) Eukarya and Monera D) Bacteria and Protista E) Bacteria and Archaea Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.1 Skill: Knowledge/Application 26) Species that are in the same are more closely related than species that are only in the same . A) phylum; class B) family; order C) class; order D) family; genus E) kingdom; phylum Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 8 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters 27) Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same A) kingdom. B) phylum. C) class. D) order. E) all of the above Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 28) Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive? A) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species B) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species C) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species D) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family E) class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Application 29) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Protista E) Fungi Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 30) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism? A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 9 31) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? A) the ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems B) the universality of the genetic code C) the structure of the nucleus D) the structure of cilia E) the structure of chloroplasts Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 32) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? A) requires genetic variation B) results in descent with modification C) involves differential reproductive success D) B and C only E) A, B, and C Answer: E Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Knowledge/Application 33) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification which stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. Answer: D Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 34) All of the following statements are part of Charles Darwinʹs concept of natural selection except A) Slight inheritable variations within a population may make an individual significantly more or less likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce. B) Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment can support. C) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes. D) Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully. E) Most individuals in a species do not survive to reproduce. Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 10 Chapter 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Test Bank Campbell Biology All Chapters 35) Which of these individuals is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense? A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill B) an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers 1 offspring D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves 2 offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces 1 offspring Answer: B Topic: Concept 1.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 36) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will A) remain unchanged. B) gradually decline. C) rapidly decline. D) gradually increase. E) rapidly increase. Answer: B Topic: Concept